INTRODUCTION
Blood is the body’s most important means of transport a special, efficient transport route is required in order to supply all parts or cells of the body: this is a circulating system with several thousand kilometers of blood vessels.
The circulatory system achieves this task with the help of a pressure /suction pump. The heart forces the blood into various large arteries namely pulmonary arteries, cerebral arteries and other arteries through which blood travels via systematic circulation or even while drawing the blood from the large vein into the atria.
In a human in our human body, we have the narrow tubes through which our blood flows, known as Blood vessels.
Blood vessels of the body may be classified into three groups- arteries, veins, and capillaries. The arteries and veins allow the blood to be transported throughout the body while the capillaries are responsible for the exchange of substance between the blood and the tissue.
Blood flows continuously through our body in these blood vessels.
So, in this article we have discussed about the certain types of arteries and their roles as how they perform their functions which helps our body in obtaining the blood from heart and these are the arteries namely pulmonary arteries, cerebral arteries, peripheral and others.
MEANING
Arteries are the tubes that carry oxygen and nutrients away from our heart to the other parts of the body. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to all the body parts such as towards arms, legs, neck, abdominal, brain and these arteries have given certain names, in which pulmonary and cerebral arteries are the major arteries of the body.
Their branching out ensures an efficient supply to the organs. The thick walls of arteries are composed of elastic connective tissue. The arteries are able to convert the high initial pressure created by the heart into an even blood flow in the small smaller arteries and the capillaries.
The pumping contractions of the heart propel the blood to flow through the arteries. The nervous system controls the muscles and muscles cell in the arterial wall.
On contraction, the diameter of the arteries is reduced and less blood is able to flow through the vessel this ensure blood supply to all the areas in varying situation, for instance providing and storing thermal energy when it is cold increasing blood supply during exertion and so forth.
The arteries split up into the arterioles and continue to divide and branch out into the capillaries. These smallest blood vessels are found everywhere in the tissue substance exchange with the cells take place within them.
Nutrient substances are supplied while the metabolic end products are removed. The exchange of substances
Occur through very thin capillaries wall which does not represent an obstacle for most substances
TYPES OF ARTERIES
Pulmonary Arteries
The pulmonary arteries are also known as the pulmonary trunk.
The oxygen-poor blood from the right side of the heart is being carried away by pulmonary arteries (right ventricle) to the pulmonary capillaries that carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
The circulation in pulmonary arteries is essential to supply a sufficient amount of oxygen to every single cell of the human body.
Pulmonary arteries can retain or hold up approximately five times the amount of intravascular pressure through their wall structure among all other present arteries.
Our heart has four chambers- right atrium right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.
The deoxygenated blood returns from the body to the right atrium and from there it enters the right ventricle that pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries (pulmonary trunk).
The right and the left pulmonary arteries are comparatively smaller in size as per length but they have thick cylindrical cavities via which the blood passes through.
In the lungs, the blood refills its oxygen supply and gets rid of carbon dioxide.
The oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins to the heart. The left ventricle then pumps the oxygenated rich blood throughout the body via the pulmonary arteries.
Cerebral arteries
Cerebral arteries are related to the brain.
The main function of cerebral Arteries is to supply blood to the important regions of the brain.
Cerebral arteries supply oxygenated blood to the most midline portion of the frontal lobes and the superior medial parietal lobes of the brain.
Cerebral arteries described three main pairs of arteries and their branches
1. Anterior cerebral artery
2. Middle cerebral artery
3. Posterior cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral arteries are one of the pair of cerebral arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the most midline portion of the frontal lobes and the superior medial parietal lobes of the brain the two anterior cerebral arteries arise from the internal carotid artery and are the part of a circle of wills.
Middle cerebral artery
Middle cerebral arteries are the largest of the three major arteries that arise from the internal carotid and continue into the lateral sulcus where it then branches and projects to many parts of the lateral cerebral cortex.
It supplies blood to the anterior temporal lobes and the insular cornices.
The middle cerebral arteries are critical artery which has clinical significance.
The middle cerebral arteries are most often blocked during a stroke.
A common impairment that can be seen during stroke is – hemiparesis, ataxia, perceptual deficits, cognitive deficits, speech deficits, and visual disorder.
Posterior cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral arteries are located at the central portion of the brain. It comprises the lower edges of the circle of Willis.
Posterior cerebral arteries comprise a collection of blood vessels in certain classes such as the cortical, central, and choroidal which supply the oxygen-rich blood to certain parts of the brain.
The sudden blockage of posterior cerebral arteries can be fatal for human life as it may lead to memory loss, fatigue, and even loss of sight in some cases.
Calcium In Arteries
The calcium in arteries is not related to your diet or any supplements you may be taking. The occurrence of calcium in arteries is because of the cells in your blood vessels are not working as they should.
As we all know that our bones and teeth are made of calcium but not all calcium that we consume leads to the formation of bone some precipitates of calcium that we get from food also flow in our blood vessels and got stick to the arterial walls of our vessels tube.
And then, this calcium in arteries blocks the passage of blood to pass through, hence prior to this process, things started to take a turn against our health in terms of disease and disorders due to the deposition of calcium in arteries.
These cells can be the sign of heart disease, or simply of getting older. So what can you do if you are told you have calcium in arteries? Firstly, take any medications that you have been prescribed by your doctor.
This is extra important if you have high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or kidney failure, as these conditions can accelerate the build-up of plaque and calcium in arteries. Taking exercise and eating a healthy diet will help to keep your arteries healthy.
There are some ways in which we can reduce the calcium in arteries:
First, consume a balanced diet in a controlled manner.
Second, cutting the intake of sodium, calcium and cholesterol-rich products also leads to a reduction of calcium in arteries.
Lastly, consuming more green vegetables such as spinach, avocado and doing exercise also helps in reducing calcium in arteries.
Calcification of arteries are not reversible you can control the inflammation and prevent the calcium from progressing by controlling. The calcification of arteries generally contains the precipitates of salts and several other proteins which are found in the cavity of bones. Moreover, calcification of arteries can lead to aftereffects such as anxiety, cholesterol, depression, etc.
And some serious life-threatening conditions also happened to develop inside the human body like high blood pressure, cardiac arrest, stroke, and heart failure due to the calcification of arteries.
Calcification of arteries has been starts to seen among those people who are above the age of 50 or in the age group of between 50 to 60yrs. As most probably at this point of time in life arterial flexibility develops to reduce in most of the people.
As per the study, smoking is found to be one of the main reasons through which calcification of arteries takes place inside the human body.
There are certain symptoms too that we see in people who are suffering from calcification of arteries that are problems in breathing, irregular heartbeat, pressure in chest and exertion, weakness in limbs, loss of memory, intense headache, and many more.
You might be interesting in more context related to this subject, pls take a look here too; serum vs plasma, here you get to know about what makes the plasma different from that of a serum, as we have discussed and contradict the comparison of both of the components of blood.